These are words 176 to 200 of the top 400 words of the New Academic Word List: words that appear again and again in university texts and in the Academic IELTS Reading and Writing tasks. For each word, read the example, try to guess the meaning, then reveal it and mark honestly how you did. Then say the word aloud, record yourself and compare it with the model voice. When you have finished, try the gap quiz and save your results.
The New Academic Word List was compiled by Charles Browne, Brent Culligan and Joseph Phillips (2013) from academic texts, and its words are ranked by the authors. We teach the top 400 in rank order. How the list was made
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The words
176
variant
noun
A new variant of the virus has appeared.
collocationsa new variant · a variant of · a spelling variant
a form of something that is slightly different from the usual one
Watch out: Colour is the British spelling and color is an American variant.
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177
evolutionary
adjective
Darwin explained evolutionary change.
collocationsevolutionary theory · evolutionary change · evolutionary biology
connected with the slow change of living things over many generations
the rules for how words are put in order to make sentences
Watch out: Syntax is word order in sentences. Morphology is the form of words.
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191
defect
noun
A tiny defect made the bottle break.
collocationsa birth defect · a manufacturing defect · a serious defect
a fault or weakness in something
Watch out: As a noun the stress is on the first syllable.
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192
separation
noun
The separation of rubbish helps recycling.
collocationsthe separation of · legal separation · waste separation
the act of dividing things or people, or the state of being apart
Watch out: Separate is spelled with an a in the middle: sep-a-rate.
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193
convergence
noun
The convergence of phones and cameras changed shopping.
collocationsthe convergence of · a convergence between · technological convergence
the coming together of different things at one point or in one form
Watch out: The opposite is divergence.
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194
sufficiently
adverb
The room was not sufficiently warm.
collocationssufficiently large · sufficiently clear · sufficiently trained
enough, to the degree that is needed
Watch out: Sufficiently goes before an adjective.
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195
valid
adjective
Your passport must be valid for six months.
collocationsa valid reason · valid for · valid argument
acceptable by law or based on good reasons
Watch out: Stress the first syllable: /ˈvælɪd/.
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196
interface
noun
The app has a simple interface.
collocationsuser interface · an interface between · a simple interface
the way a person uses a computer program, or a point where two systems meet
Watch out: User interface is often shortened to UI.
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197
radiation
noun
Too much sun radiation can harm the skin.
collocationssolar radiation · radiation therapy · exposure to radiation
energy sent out as waves or small particles, such as light or heat
Watch out: Radiation is not always dangerous. Sunlight is a form of it.
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198
vertical
adjective
The cliff is almost vertical.
collocationsvertical line · vertical axis · a vertical drop
going straight up or down
Watch out: The opposite is horizontal.
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199
embed
verb
Writers embed quotations in their text.
collocationsembed in · deeply embedded · embed a video
to fix something firmly inside a larger thing
Watch out: The spelling doubles the d before -ed: embedded.
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200
acute
adjective
There is an acute shortage of nurses.
collocationsacute pain · an acute shortage · acute angle
very serious or sudden, or very sharp
Watch out: Acute describes sudden, severe problems. Chronic describes long ones.
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Gap quiz
Each sentence has one gap. Drag a word into the gap, or tap a word and then tap the gap. The words are the ones you have just practised, and some of them have changed shape (for example, is or made).
A new of the virus appeared that spread faster than the original one.
Darwin's theory explains change in living things over millions of years.
Teachers give students on their work to help them improve next time.
The decision was , made together by the whole group and not by one person.
The choice of colour was : there was no reason for it at all.
One half is a simple of the whole, written with a line between two numbers.
By my , the journey will take about two hours, though I may be wrong.
Growth that is slow at first and then speeds up in a curve is , not a straight line.
A from the usual route made us late for the meeting.
A car is small and neat, and it is easy to park in a busy street.
The teacher drew a on the board to show how the heart works.
Bananas grow best in countries, where the weather is hot and wet all year.
is the study of how words are built from parts, such as adding -ed to make the past tense.
She signed the contract, agreeing to all of its terms.
In English , the subject usually comes before the verb in a statement.
A tiny in the glass made the bottle break when it was filled.
The of rubbish into glass, metal and plastic helps the recycling plant.
The of two rivers, the point where they meet and become one, forms a wide lake.
The room was not warm for the children, so they put on their coats.
A passport must be for at least six months after the date you travel.
The app has a simple with large buttons that makes it easy to use.
Too much sun can harm the skin, so people wear sun cream outdoors.
The wall is , going straight up from the floor to the ceiling.
Writers short quotations inside their own sentences so the text flows well.
An illness appears suddenly and is serious, but it does not last very long.
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Word list: New Academic Word List 1.2 by Charles Browne, Brent Culligan and Joseph Phillips (2013), licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. The list gives the words and their order; the meanings, examples and exercises on this page are our own.