These are words 251 to 275 of the top 400 words of the New Academic Word List: words that appear again and again in university texts and in the Academic IELTS Reading and Writing tasks. For each word, read the example, try to guess the meaning, then reveal it and mark honestly how you did. Then say the word aloud, record yourself and compare it with the model voice. When you have finished, try the gap quiz and save your results.
The New Academic Word List was compiled by Charles Browne, Brent Culligan and Joseph Phillips (2013) from academic texts, and its words are ranked by the authors. We teach the top 400 in rank order. How the list was made
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The words
251
conditional
adjective
The offer is conditional on passing the exam.
collocationsconditional offer · conditional on · conditional sentence
depending on something else happening or being true
Watch out: Conditional is followed by on: conditional on your results.
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252
contrary
adjective
The results were contrary to what we expected.
collocationscontrary to · contrary evidence · contrary opinion
opposite or completely different
Watch out: Contrary to is a common phrase: contrary to popular belief.
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253
discrete
adjective
The data fall into discrete groups.
collocationsdiscrete categories · discrete units · discrete data
separate and clearly different from other things
Watch out: Discrete (separate) and discreet (careful) sound the same.
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254
classroom
noun
The classroom was silent during the test.
collocationsin the classroom · classroom activities · classroom teacher
a room in a school where lessons take place
Watch out: Classroom is one word.
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255
morphological
adjective
The sentence has a morphological error.
collocationsmorphological change · morphological analysis · a morphological feature
connected with the forms and structure of words, or of living things
Watch out: Morphological is about word forms, such as plural endings.
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256
lateral
adjective
A lateral move keeps the same status.
collocationslateral thinking · lateral movement · a lateral move
at, to or from the side
Watch out: Lateral thinking means finding creative answers from a new side.
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257
injection
noun
The nurse gave him an injection.
collocationshave an injection · a cash injection · injection of
the act of putting medicine into the body with a needle, or a large sum of money added to something
Watch out: You have an injection, not do an injection.
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258
effectiveness
noun
Researchers tested the effectiveness of the drug.
collocationsthe effectiveness of · cost effectiveness · test effectiveness
how well something works
Watch out: Effective means it works. Efficient means it uses little time or energy.
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259
insect
noun
A bee is an insect.
collocationsa flying insect · insect bite · insect species
a small animal with six legs, such as an ant or a bee
Watch out: A spider is not an insect because it has eight legs.
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260
logical
adjective
Her argument is logical.
collocationslogical conclusion · a logical order · logical reasoning
reasonable and following clear steps of thought
Watch out: The opposite is illogical.
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261
calculus
noun
Newton helped to invent calculus.
collocationsdifferential calculus · study calculus · integral calculus
a branch of maths about rates of change
Watch out: Calculus is uncountable, so do not say a calculus.
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262
usage
noun
Water usage rises in summer.
collocationsenergy usage · word usage · usage of
the way or amount that something is used
Watch out: Usage is about habit or amount. Use is the action.
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263
longitudinal
adjective
A longitudinal study follows people for years.
collocationslongitudinal study · longitudinal data · longitudinal research
measuring the same people or things over a long period
Watch out: Longitudinal studies take many years.
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264
neutral
adjective
The judge must stay neutral.
collocationsstay neutral · a neutral position · politically neutral
not supporting either side in an argument
Watch out: A neutral colour is white, grey or beige.
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265
marginal
adjective
There was a marginal improvement.
collocationsmarginal improvement · marginal difference · marginal gain
very small in effect or importance
Watch out: Marginal changes are small ones.
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266
client
noun
The lawyer met her client.
collocationsa client of · meet a client · client base
a person who pays for a professional service
Watch out: A client uses a professional service. A customer buys goods.
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267
characterisation
noun
The novel is praised for its characterisation.
collocationsstrong characterisation · the characterisation of · poor characterisation
the way a writer or actor shows what a character is like, or a description of the main qualities of something
Watch out: The American spelling is characterization.
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268
ethical
adjective
It is not ethical to test medicine without consent.
Watch out: Comprehension and comprehensive are different words.
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Gap quiz
Each sentence has one gap. Drag a word into the gap, or tap a word and then tap the gap. The words are the ones you have just practised, and some of them have changed shape (for example, is or made).
A offer depends on you passing the exam, so it is not yet certain.
Her results were to what we expected, because they showed the opposite.
The data fall into groups with clear gaps between them, not a continuous scale.
The teacher asked everyone in the to sit down and open their books.
A error is a mistake in the form of a word, such as writing gooses instead of geese.
A move takes you sideways to a job at the same level, not up or down.
The nurse gave him an in the arm to protect him from the disease.
The of the new medicine was tested on two hundred patients in a hospital.
A bee is an with six legs, two pairs of wings and a body in three parts.
Her argument is : each step follows clearly from the one before.
Newton helped to invent , a branch of maths that deals with rates of change.
Water rises sharply in summer, when gardens need more to drink.
A study follows the same group of people over many years to see how they change.
The judge must stay and not take either side in the argument.
There was only a improvement in the figures, which was really tiny.
The lawyer met her to discuss the details of the court case.
The novel is praised for its of the hero, who feels like a real person.
It is not to test medicines on people without their permission.
This model is to the old one in speed, quality and price.
The cost is fifty pounds, but the exact amount is not yet known.
Mozart was a famous who wrote symphonies and operas.
The word child is and the word children is plural.
The two roads at the village and become one wide main road.
The doctor checked the heartbeat of the unborn baby during the scan.
The reading test checks , which means whether you understand the text.
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Word list: New Academic Word List 1.2 by Charles Browne, Brent Culligan and Joseph Phillips (2013), licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. The list gives the words and their order; the meanings, examples and exercises on this page are our own.