These are words 126 to 150 of the top 400 words of the New Academic Word List: words that appear again and again in university texts and in the Academic IELTS Reading and Writing tasks. For each word, read the example, try to guess the meaning, then reveal it and mark honestly how you did. Then say the word aloud, record yourself and compare it with the model voice. When you have finished, try the gap quiz and save your results.
The New Academic Word List was compiled by Charles Browne, Brent Culligan and Joseph Phillips (2013) from academic texts, and its words are ranked by the authors. We teach the top 400 in rank order. How the list was made
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Watch out: Systematic is about method. Systemic means affecting a whole system.
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142
horizontal
adjective
Draw a horizontal line across the page.
collocationshorizontal axis · a horizontal line · horizontal bar
flat and level, parallel to the ground
Watch out: The opposite is vertical.
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143
synthesis
noun
The report is a synthesis of earlier studies.
collocationsa synthesis of · chemical synthesis · protein synthesis
the combining of separate parts or ideas into a whole
Watch out: The plural is syntheses.
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144
projection
noun
A projection of sales suggests growth.
collocationspopulation projection · a projection of · a projection for
a forecast based on present facts, or an image shown on a screen
Watch out: In Task 1, a projection is a future estimate on a graph.
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145
diameter
noun
The tree has a diameter of one metre.
collocationsin diameter · the diameter of · a large diameter
the distance across a circle, measured through the centre
Watch out: Say in diameter after the number: two metres in diameter.
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146
cone
noun
An ice cream cone holds the ice cream.
collocationsan ice cream cone · a traffic cone · a pine cone
a shape with a flat round base and a pointed top
Watch out: The pine tree produces cones, which hold its seeds.
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147
dependence
noun
Heavy dependence on oil makes the economy weak.
collocationsdependence on · heavy dependence · economic dependence
the state of needing someone or something to survive or succeed
Watch out: The spelling ends in ence for the noun. The adjective ends in ent.
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148
organism
noun
A bacterium is a single-celled organism.
collocationsa living organism · a single-celled organism · organism of
a living thing, such as a plant, animal or bacterium
Watch out: Every plant and animal is an organism.
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149
emergence
noun
The emergence of new technology changes industry.
collocationsthe emergence of · the emergence of a new · emergence from
the process of appearing or becoming known
Watch out: Emergence is not the same as emergency.
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150
overlap
verb
The two courses overlap in some topics.
collocationsoverlap with · partly overlap · overlap in
to cover part of the same area, time or subject as something else
Watch out: Use overlap with, not overlap to.
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Gap quiz
Each sentence has one gap. Drag a word into the gap, or tap a word and then tap the gap. The words are the ones you have just practised, and some of them have changed shape (for example, is or made).
A wide helps you understand what you read and write more clearly.
In speech research, one is anything a speaker says before a pause, even a single word.
Spies a message so that only the right person can read it.
A good teacher can discussion by asking the right questions and making it easier for students to talk.
The of the disease, meaning how often new cases appear each year, is falling.
Reasoning from many separate examples to a general rule is called .
The of the ball, the curved path it followed through the air, was easy to see on the video.
The author sent the finished of her novel to a publisher in London.
Cats are kept as pets in towns because they need little space.
The sentence She go to school is not , because the verb does not agree with the subject.
The of the clock is within one second a month, so it is very reliable.
The louder the sound, the greater the of the sound wave.
The of a novel into a film often changes the story to fit the screen.
The outer layer of the brain is called the cerebral .
The new rule had effect, because almost nothing changed in the school.
She searched in a way, checking each shelf one by one from top to bottom.
On a graph, the axis often shows time and runs from left to right.
The report is a of ideas from several earlier studies, joined into one clear argument.
A of next year's sales, based on this year's figures, suggested they would rise.
A circle's is the distance straight across it, passing through the centre.
An ice cream is a hollow shape, wide at the top and pointed at the bottom.
Heavy on oil exports makes the economy weak when prices fall.
A bacterium is a single-celled that you can only see through a microscope.
The of a new technology can change a whole industry in a few years.
The two courses in some topics, so students hear the same ideas twice.
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Word list: New Academic Word List 1.2 by Charles Browne, Brent Culligan and Joseph Phillips (2013), licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. The list gives the words and their order; the meanings, examples and exercises on this page are our own.